The modelling
of the evacuation process generated by an approaching flood is
important for
those responsible for the efficient and safe movement of people during
evacuation. It can
identify “bottlenecks”
in the system before they are experienced in an evacuation, it can also
be used
to determine the impact of road closures due to flooding, the impact of
phased
evacuation on traffic loading, and many other possible consequences of
an
evacuation event.
A review
of evacuation models used worldwide
for a range of hazards, (including technological hazards such as
nuclear
accidents), was carried out. The
review
found that in general the evacuation models available could be grouped
as
follows:
- Traffic simulation models;
- Evacuation behaviour models;
- Time-line/critical path management
diagrams.
Moreover, there are
three main scales at which
evacuation models are employed for flood event management: the micro,
the meso and the macro scale (scales
of evacuation modelling).
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